Also known as Gingall (China) or Janjal (Hindi) these guns were intended as fortress defensive weapons. Employed by the Chinese and Indian armies of the 19th Century, they initially appeared as muzzle loaders and later as bolt action arms firing fixed metallic cartridges in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. They took the form of light artillery pieces mounted on a swivel or in the form of a heavy shoulder mounted rifle fired from a rest, and ranged in caliber from .60 to well over 1”.